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Mallikarjuna, H. B.

Does Recently Invaded Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Displace Native Lepidopteran Pests of Maize in India?

Abstract Views :184 | PDF Views:106

Authors

J. Divya ¹, C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ², H. B. Mallikarjuna ³, Sharanabasappa Deshmukh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, India, IN
3 Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 120, No 8 (2021), Pagination: 1358-1367

Abstract

Competitions are common among interacting species for resources or space. In India, recently invaded fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) has to compete with native lepidopterans to become successful in an exotic environment. Invasive FAW and native pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens belong to the same feeding guild, and hence they are intraguild competitors. FAW is an aggressive pest and is known to have a cannibalism/predation habit and hence a good model system to study the ecological interactions. The present study examined the incidence of different lepidopteran pests in maize fields for three years after the recent invasion. Incidence of FAW increased over the years compared to other lepidopteran pests. Laboratory and field intraguild competition studies were conducted to understand the survival and fitness of FAW and PSB larvae under different competition scenarios. Our study demonstrated that survival of FAW was reduced in intraspecific as compared to interspecific competition. However, survival of PSB was significantly reduced in interspecific competition due to intraguild predation by FAW. Fitness cost analysis of PSB pupae survived in competition with FAW larvae indicated that they were negatively affected with reduced pupal weight. Low field incidence of PSB and its lowest survival in the presence of intraguild competitor, i.e. FAW prove that PSB might get displaced from the maize ecosystem in the near future.

Keywords

Fall Armyworm, Lepidopteran Pests, Intraguild Competition, Species Displacement.

Full Text

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Cannibalistic Nature and Time of Habitat Occupancy of Invasive Maize Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda are the Key Factors for Competitive Displacement of Native Stem Borer, Sesamia inferens in India

Abstract Views :109 | PDF Views:63

Authors

C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, J. Divya ¹, H. B. Mallikarjuna ², Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, C. Sunil ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Statistics, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 3 (2023), Pagination: 348-354

Abstract

Invasion of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has been implicated in reducing the incidence of native stem borers in India. The present study aimed to verify the reasons for the displacement of native stem borers using S. frugiperda and pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Field incidence of FAW and S. inferens was recorded during the 2020 and 2021 wet seasons, indicating negligible field incidence of S. inferens compared to FAW. In controlled greenhouse experiments, the competition was measured by releasing larvae at different densities into the maize whorl and also by varying their release at two-day intervals among the two species tested. In competition assays, the frequency of cannibalism increased with increasing density. The study documents that cannibalistic nature and early habitat occupancy in the whorls by FAW are the key factors involved in reducing the incidence of native stem borer, S. inferens

Keywords

Cannibalistic Nature, Competitive Displacement, Fall Armyworm, Habitat Occupancy, Larval Density, Stem Borer.

Full Text

References

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Chapman, J. W., Williams, T., Escribano, A., Caballero, P., Cave, R. D. and Goulson, D., Fitness consequences of cannibalism in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Behav. Ecol., 1999, 10(3), 298–303.

Gao, Y. and Reitz, S. R., Emerging themes in our understanding of species displacements. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 2017, 62, 165–183.

Sharanabasappa, S. D. et al., First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Manage. Hortic. Ecosyst., 2018, 24, 23–29.

Sharanabasappa, S. D. et al., Economic analysis of pesticide expenditure for managing the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by maize farmers in Karnataka, India. Curr. Sci., 2021, 121(11), 1487–1491.

Divya, J., Kalleshwaraswamy, C. M., Mallikarjuna, H. B. and Deshmukh, S., Does recently invaded fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda displace native lepidopteran pests of maize in India? Curr. Sci., 2021, 120(8), 1358–1367.

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Sublethal Effects of Botanicals on the Growth and Development of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract Views :85 | PDF Views:55

Authors

J. K. Pavana ¹, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ¹, H. B. Mallikarjuna ², C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ¹, T. Basavaraj Naik ³, David Mota-Sanchez ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
2 Department of Statistics, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
3 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577 204, IN
4 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, MI 48824, US

Source

Current Science, Vol 125, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 52-58

Abstract

The present study aimed to ascertain the sublethal effects of azadirachtin 1 EC, anosom 1 EC, derisom 2 EC and NSKE 5% on biological parameters and nutritional indices of Spodoptera frugiperda. The longest larval and pupal lengths were observed in all the treatments involving botanicals, which also significantly decreased adult longevity, fecundity and egg hatchability. Regarding nutritional indices, larvae treated with anosom recorded the least approximate digestibility index, efficiency of conversion of digested food and efficiency of conversion of ingested food of 64.7%, 13.2% and 8.4% respectively. Additionally, botanicals increased the percentage of defective and malformed adults. Thus, our findings suggest that these botanicals restrain the pests from causing damage and impede their further generations.

Keywords

Biological Parameters, Botanicals, Nutritional Indices, Spodoptera frugiperda, Sublethal Effects.

Full Text

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